REST API

בהנדסת תוכנה ארגונית מודרנית, בניית RESTful APIs היא אבן הפינה של פיתוח מערכות בקידומת. במשך עשרות שנים, מפתחי Java הסתמכו על פלטפורמות מסורתיות כמו Spring Boot. כאן נכנס Quarkus—פלטפורמת Supersonic Subatomic Java המותאמת במיוחד עבור OpenJDK HotSpot ו-GraalVM. 1. למה לבחור ב-Quarkus עבור REST APIs ב-Java? א. הפרדיגמה הריאקטיבית RESTEasy ב. שירותי פיתוח וקידוד חי ללא קונפיגורציה 2. ארכיטקטורת Quarkus REST API 3. אתחול פרויקט ותלויות mvn io.quarkus.platform:quarkus-maven-plugin:3.15.0:create \ -DprojectGroupId=com.ghaznix.api \ -DprojectArtifactId=quarkus-product-api \ -DclassName="com.ghaznix.api.ProductResource" \ -Dpath="/api/products" \ -Dextensions="resteasy-reactive-jackson,hibernate-orm-panache,jdbc-postgresql,hibernate-validator,smallrye-openapi" 4. הגדרת מאפייני האפליקציה # Application Configuration quarkus.application.name=quarkus-product-api quarkus.http.port=8080 # Database Configuration (Dev Services will override in dev mode automatically) quarkus.datasource.db-kind=postgresql quarkus.datasource.username=postgres quarkus.datasource.password=secret quarkus.datasource.jdbc.url=jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/product_db # Hibernate ORM Configuration quarkus.hibernate-orm.database.generation=drop-and-create quarkus.hibernate-orm.log.sql=true # Swagger UI & OpenAPI Path quarkus.swagger-ui.always-include=true quarkus.swagger-ui.path=/swagger-ui 5. מודל תחום ו-Active Record עם Panache package com.ghaznix.api; import io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.panache.PanacheEntity; import jakarta.persistence.Column; import jakarta.persistence.Entity; import jakarta.persistence.Table; import jakarta.validation.constraints.Min; import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotBlank; import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotNull; import java.math.BigDecimal; import java.util.List; @Entity @Table(name = "products") public class Product extends PanacheEntity { @NotBlank(message = "Product name cannot be blank") @Column(nullable = false) public String name; @Column(length = 1000) public String description; @NotNull(message = "Price is required") @Min(value = 0, message = "Price must be non-negative") @Column(nullable = false) public BigDecimal price; @Column(nullable = false) public Integer stockQuantity; public String category; // Static Finder Utility Methods powered by Panache public static List<Product> findByCategory(String category) { return list("category", category); } public static List<Product> findAvailableProducts() { return list("stockQuantity > 0"); } } 6. בניית נקודות קצה REST לסביבת ייצור package com.ghaznix.api; import io.quarkus.panache.common.Page; import io.quarkus.panache.common.Sort; import jakarta.transaction.Transactional; import jakarta.validation.Valid; import jakarta.ws.rs.*; import jakarta.ws.rs.core.MediaType; import jakarta.ws.rs.core.Response; import org.eclipse.microprofile.openapi.annotations.Operation; import org.eclipse.microprofile.openapi.annotations.responses.APIResponse; import org.eclipse.microprofile.openapi.annotations.tags.Tag; import java.net.URI; import java.util.List; @Path("/api/products") @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) @Consumes(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) @Tag(name = "Product REST API", description = "Operations for managing catalog products") public class ProductResource { @GET @Operation(summary = "Get all products with pagination") @APIResponse(responseCode = "200", description = "List of products retrieved successfully") public List<Product> getAllProducts( @QueryParam("page") @DefaultValue("0") int pageIndex, @QueryParam("size") @DefaultValue("10") int pageSize, @QueryParam("sort") @DefaultValue("name") String sortBy) { return Product.findAll(Sort.by(sortBy)) .page(Page.of(pageIndex, pageSize)) .list(); } @GET @Path("/{id}") @Operation(summary = "Get product by ID") @APIResponse(responseCode = "200", description = "Product details found") @APIResponse(responseCode = "404", description = "Product not found") public Product getProductById(@PathParam("id") Long id) { Product product = Product.findById(id); if (product == null) { throw new NotFoundException("Product with ID " + id + " does not exist."); } return product; } @POST @Transactional @Operation(summary = "Create a new product") @APIResponse(responseCode = "201", description = "Product created successfully") @APIResponse(responseCode = "400", description = "Invalid request payload") public Response createProduct(@Valid Product product) { product.persist(); return Response.created(URI.create("/api/products/" + product.id)) .entity(product) .build(); } @PUT @Path("/{id}") @Transactional @Operation(summary = "Update an existing product") @APIResponse(responseCode = "200", description = "Product updated") @APIResponse(responseCode = "404", description = "Product ID not found") public Product updateProduct(@PathParam("id") Long id, @Valid Product updatedProduct) { Product entity = Product.findById(id); if (entity == null) { throw new NotFoundException("Product with ID " + id + " not found."); } entity.name = updatedProduct.name; entity.description = updatedProduct.description; entity.price = updatedProduct.price; entity.stockQuantity = updatedProduct.stockQuantity; entity.category = updatedProduct.category; return entity; } @DELETE @Path("/{id}") @Transactional @Operation(summary = "Delete a product by ID") @APIResponse(responseCode = "204", description = "Product deleted successfully") @APIResponse(responseCode = "404", description = "Product ID not found") public Response deleteProduct(@PathParam("id") Long id) { boolean deleted = Product.deleteById(id); if (!deleted) { throw new NotFoundException("Product with ID " + id + " not found."); } return Response.noContent().build(); } } 7. נקודות קצה REST ריאקטיביות מול ביצוע חוסם import io.smallrye.mutiny.Uni; import io.smallrye.mutiny.Multi; @GET @Path("/reactive/{id}") public Uni<Product> getProductReactive(@PathParam("id") Long id) { return Product.<Product>findByIdAsync(id) .onItem().ifNull().failWith(new NotFoundException("Product not found")); } @GET @Path("/stream") @Produces(MediaType.SERVER_SENT_EVENTS) public Multi<Product> streamProducts() { return Product.streamAll(); } 8. טיפול בחריגות גלובלי ותקן שגיאות package com.ghaznix.api.exception; import jakarta.ws.rs.NotFoundException; import jakarta.ws.rs.core.MediaType; import jakarta.ws.rs.core.Response; import jakarta.ws.rs.ext.ExceptionMapper; import jakarta.ws.rs.ext.Provider; import java.time.Instant; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; @Provider public class GlobalExceptionMapper implements ExceptionMapper<Exception> { @Override public Response toResponse(Exception exception) { Map<String, Object> errorPayload = new HashMap<>(); errorPayload.put("timestamp", Instant.now().toString()); if (exception instanceof NotFoundException) { errorPayload.put("status", 404); errorPayload.put("error", "Not Found"); errorPayload.put("message", exception.getMessage()); return Response.status(Response.Status.NOT_FOUND) .entity(errorPayload) .type(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) .build(); } errorPayload.put("status", 500); errorPayload.put("error", "Internal Server Error"); errorPayload.put("message", exception.getMessage()); return Response.status(Response.Status.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR) .entity(errorPayload) .type(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) .build(); } } 9. בדיקות אוטומטיות עם @QuarkusTest ו-REST Assured package com.ghaznix.api; import io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusTest; import io.restassured.http.ContentType; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import static io.restassured.RestAssured.given; import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*; @QuarkusTest public class ProductResourceTest { @Test public void testGetAllProductsEndpoint() { given() .when().get("/api/products") .then() .statusCode(200) .contentType(ContentType.JSON); } @Test public void testCreateAndGetProduct() { Product product = new Product(); product.name = "Gaming Laptop"; product.description = "High-performance GPU laptop"; product.price = new java.math.BigDecimal("1499.99"); product.stockQuantity = 15; product.category = "Electronics"; // Test POST Endpoint Integer createdId = given() .contentType(ContentType.JSON) .body(product) .when().post("/api/products") .then() .statusCode(201) .body("name", equalTo("Gaming Laptop")) .extract().path("id"); // Test GET Endpoint by ID given() .pathParam("id", createdId) .when().get("/api/products/{id}") .then() .statusCode(200) .body("category", equalTo("Electronics")); } } ./mvnw test 10. אריזה וקימפול לקובץ ריצה טבעי של GraalVM ./mvnw quarkus:dev ./mvnw package java -jar target/quarkus-app/quarkus-run.jar ./mvnw package -Dnative -Dquarkus.native.container-build=true ./target/quarkus-product-api-1.0.0-runner 2026-09-21 22:30:00,014 INFO [io.quarkus] (main) quarkus-product-api 1.0.0-runner native (powered by Quarkus 3.15.0) started in 0.018s. Listening on: http://0.0.0.0:8080 11. מבחני ביצועים: Quarkus מול Spring Boot מדד ביצועים Spring Boot (JVM) Quarkus (OpenJDK JVM) Quarkus (GraalVM Native) שיפור זמן עלייה (התחלה קרה) 3.82 שניות 1.18 שניות 0.015 שניות מהיר פי 254 צריכת זיכרון (RSS) 184 MB 108 MB 28 MB חיסכון של 84% בזיכרון 12. מסקנות ושיטות עבודה מומלצות Ghaznix Blog.